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Follow-Up Care and Treatment for the HIV-Exposed or HIV-Infected Child

February 2006

Authors: Arthur J Ammann, MD, Sahai Burrowes, MALD

Editorial Review: Elaine Abrams, MD

Objectives

The purposes of this module are to:

  1. Explain how infants and children become infected with HIV and, once infected, how disease progresses.
  2. Provide World Health Organization guidelines for the classification of HIV infection in children.
  3. Describe approaches to diagnosing HIV infection in infants who are perinatally and postnatally exposed to HIV.
  4. Review the follow-up care procedures that should be undertaken for all HIV-exposed and HIV-infected infants.
  5. Outline the criteria for initiating antiretroviral treatment of infants and children and the suggested first- and second-line antiretroviral treatment regimens in resource-constrained settings.
  6. Summarize the effective antiretroviral treatment approaches for controlling HIV infection in resource-constrained settings while minimizing drug toxicity.
  7. Provide guidelines for evaluating responses to treatment and determining treatment failure.
  8. Review the safety and toxicity of antiretroviral drugs in current use for children.

Estimated time: 2 hours, 30 minutes

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